Invitrogen™ Di-4-ANEPPDHQ

Invitrogen™ Di-4-ANEPPDHQ

ANEP dyes are molecules that fluoresce in response to electrical potential changes in their environment. These are fast-response probes that operate by means of a change in their electronic structure, and consequently their fluorescence properties, in response to a change in the surrounding electric field. Their optical response is sufficiently fast to detect transient (millisecond) potential changes in excitable cells, including single neurons, cardiac cells, and intact brains. However, the magnitude of their potential-dependent fluorescence change is often small; fast-response probes typically show a 2-10% fluorescence change per 100 mV. Furthermore, these dyes display a potential-dependent shift in their excitation spectra, thus permitting the quantitation of membrane potential using excitation ratio measurements

Features

• Cationic molecule; exhibits very low internalization and good signal:noise ratio and is useful for visualizing cholesterol-enriched lipid domains in model membranes
• Ex/Em maxima bound to model phospholipid membranes are ∼465/635 nm (but spectral properties are highly dependent on environment)
• Nonfluorescent until bound to membranes
• Soluble in ethanol, DMSO, and DMF (di-2-ANEPEQ is a water-soluble ANEP dye)
• Dye is introduced into cells by direct addition of stock solution to cell culture medium, by using Pluronic™ F-127, or by retrograde labeling
• Fast-response probe, suitable for detecting submillisecond membrane potential changes
• For Use With (Equipment): Fluorescence Microscope